Shaheed Diwas commemorates the execution of Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, and Sukhdev Thapar on March 23, 1931.
Every year on March 23, India observes 'Shaheed Diwas' or 'Martyrs' Day', a solemn occasion dedicated to commemorating the sacrifices of three legendary freedom fighters — Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, and Sukhdev Thapar. These young revolutionaries were executed by the British colonial government in 1931, leaving behind a legacy that continues to inspire generations.
The Historical Context
The roots of Shaheed Diwas trace back to a pivotal moment in India's struggle for independence. Bhagat Singh, Shivram Rajguru, and Sukhdev Thapar were members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), a revolutionary group determined to overthrow British rule.
Their efforts to avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai led them to target British Superintendent James Scott. However, in a case of mistaken identity, they assassinated police officer John Saunders in 1928.
Their revolutionary activities didn’t stop there. In April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw non-lethal bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi to protest oppressive laws. They willingly courted arrest, using their trial as a platform to propagate their ideology of freedom and justice. On March 23, 1931, despite widespread protests and appeals for clemency, the trio was hanged in Lahore Jail.
Why Is Shaheed Diwas Observed?
Shaheed Diwas serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made for India's independence. It is not just a day of mourning but also one of reflection and inspiration. The courage and ideals of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev resonate deeply with Indians across generations, urging them to uphold values like liberty, equality, and justice.
Their slogan "Inquilab Zindabad [Long Live the Revolution]" became a rallying cry for freedom fighters and remains etched in India's collective memory. Observing this day reinforces the importance of safeguarding the hard-earned freedom they fought for.
How India Observes Shaheed Diwas
On this day, tributes pour in from all corners of the nation. Government officials, including the Prime Minister and President, pay homage to these martyrs through social media posts and public addresses. Educational institutions organize events highlighting their contributions, while citizens gather at memorials to offer floral tributes.
In Punjab's Hussainiwala village (Ferozepur district) — home to the National Martyrs Memorial — special ceremonies are held every year to honour these heroes. Across India, people revisit their stories through documentaries, books, and discussions that keep their spirits alive.
Bhagat Singh was just 23 years old at the time of his execution; Rajguru was 22 as well and Sukhdev was 23. Yet their actions inspired an entire nation against colonial oppression. Till today, their sacrifices are cited to show the power of youth in shaping a nation's destiny.
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